The Ultimate Book on Differential Calculus: Das and Mukherjee PDF Download
calculus of finite differences is an important field of mathematics due to its applications in nonlinear analysis. in order to study the asymptotic properties of finite difference operators, many authors have investigated the asymptotic behavior of summation formulas for repeated difference operators. in this work, we investigate the summation formula of the central difference operator on the real line for discrete functions. we use methods from real analysis to establish the rate of convergence. in the final section, we study the summation formula of the modified difference operator and the summation formula for the higher order central difference operators. finally, we have developed the application of these results in numerical computation.
differential calculus by das and mukherjee pdf free download
we consider an estimation problem, which includes both empirical and the data-based models, of this type: where is a sequence of numbers,, and we are interested in the sequence of so-called d-estimators, where is an estimator of and the function is not known. the approach of the paper is based on approximation of the d-estimators of the form (written in a differential calculus terminology), where the functions satisfy certain assumptions. in the paper, we will consider various approximating functions.
quotient rings of integral domains are canonically represented as complete normed spaces. the reconstruction property for subrings of such spaces is well known. in this paper, we are mainly concerned with the behaviour of the reconstruction property in the case of domains with zero divisors. we establish a generalisation of the result by a. schinzel that the reconstruction property for such domains does not hold if the subring is not all of the domain. this generalisation applies to domains that are generated by a single element. as an application, we show that for one-dimensional integral domains of krull dimension two, there is a non-zero element in the subring that is not represented by any element in the quotient space. it is worth mentioning that in the proof given in this paper, we use the notion of an element of support rank one. for a more detailed presentation of this theory, we refer to the preprint of the author recently posted at arxiv.